Making bone broth can either be a pricey (although worthwhile) endeavor or one of the most frugal things you can do. The costly way involves buying bones at the market for $3/lb and big bags full of veggies. The frugal way involves salvaging ingredients to squeeze every bit of nutrition out of good food that you have either arduously produced or purchased from a good farmer. Either way, by making it at home instead of buying that awful stuff at the grocery, you'll be rewarded with incredible flavor and superb nutrition.
WHAT YOU'LL NEED
* Bones (these can be saved from other meals or purchased)
* Veggies or veggie scraps
* seasonings as desired-you can add wine, peppercorns, salt, to taste
* apple cider vinegar (although white will do in a pinch)
* Stockpot or crock pot
* spoons/ladle
* strainer
* cheesecloth (optional)
WHAT TO DO
If you chose to buy your bones, you can pick the very best bones for broth. Veal bones of any kind are great to use, as are beef "knuckle" bones or feet. These bones are the highest in cartilage and will give you a good jello-type stock. If you are making chicken stock, you can't go wrong with chicken feet.
Whenever I cook bone-in meat, I save the bones. If I only have a small quantity, I toss them into the freezer until I have more. The Thanksgiving turkey carcass is the perfect amount for a big batch of bone broth. While this doesn't give me the most high-cartilage bones, it is free and reduces waste.Some people buy veggies for making bone broth, typically onions, carrots and celery. I tend to use veggie scraps to eliminate waste and cut costs. Since a lot of nutrients are just under the skin, peelings are very nutritious. As I prep veggies for cooking, I place the trimmings in a bag in the freezer to use when I make broth. Freezing the veggies will make the broth a bit cloudier, but for home-cooking, I've never felt the need for crystal clear broth. Things I save include: carrot peels and leaves, onion skins and root ends, celery leaves, potato skins, tomato skins, sweet potato skins, squash peels, rosemary stems, mushroom stems, garlic skins, pepper stems, corn cobs, and pea pods. Veggies that are past their prime, but not molded or slimy, can be added. Cabbage family veggies will dominate the flavor of a broth, and beets will turn it red, so use discretion when adding these to your broth.
To get the best flavored broth, you'll need to roast your bones. Put them in a greased baking dish. If you are using beef bones, use this trick my boss told me: rub the bones with a bit of unflavored tomato paste or sauce before roasting. The tomato will caramelize and add great color and flavor. Roast in the oven for 30 minutes at 400 degrees or an hour at 350. If you have large chunks of carrots, onions or celery, roast it with the meat for a richer flavor. Make sure that the veggies get to a dark brown, but not black. You want caramelization, not charcoal.Place the roasted bones and veggies into a large pot on the stove or into the crock pot. Add a bit of warm water to the roasting pan. Use a spoon or spatula to scrub off all of the toasty bits from the pan. This is high-flavor goodness, so you want to get it all. Dump the water and flavored bits over the bones. Cover with cool water. Add seasonings, as desired, such as salt, pepper, bay leaves, parsley, etc. You can add a bit of wine if you'd like. Add a tablespoon of vinegar per quart of water added. The acid in the vinegar will help pull out the minerals in the bones giving you a more nutritious, gelatinous broth.
If you are using a slow cooker, set it to low, cover it and don't remove the lid. If you are cooking it on the stove top, set it to medium-low heat and check after a half hour to make sure that it is gently simmering, but not boiling. Cover and allow it to simmer away for hours. At a minimum, it should simmer for 8 hours, but it is not unreasonable to allow it to simmer for up to 24 hours. Some people even have perpetual broth simmering, removing broth and adding bones as needed. A slow cooker is perfect for allowing it to simmer all day and night, but don't leave the stove on while you sleep.After it has cooked for 8-24 hours, turn it off and let it cool slightly. Pour through a strainer to remove the bones and veggie scraps. If you want a more clear broth, strain it through a cheesecloth. You can compost the veggie scraps. The bones can be saved and reused for a second or third batch of broth. After a very long cooking time, or being used a few times, the bones are quite soft and could be composted or worked into the garden.
Pour the broth into containers and place in the refrigerator overnight. The fat will rise to the surface and once cool, you can easily remove it from the top in one piece. Save this flavorful fat for cooking.
Check the consistency of your broth. Ideally, when cold, it will have the consistency of jello. That means that you extracted lots of gelatin from the bones. Once you reheat the broth, it will turn to liquid again. If the cold broth is runny, it doesn't have a high gelatin content. Next time add a bit more vinegar, use less water for the amount of bones, or cook it longer. Don't worry though, even the most poorly made from-scratch broth is better than the pale, weak stuff at the store.
Use your broth in soups and stews. Use it to make gravy. Cook your rice in it. Simmer veggies in it. Drink it as a nourishing beverage. Add it to casseroles. Use it to make stuffing. Rehydrate dried veggies, especially mushrooms. Enjoy incredible flavor, incredible nutrition and the pleasure of reducing food waste.
I originally published this on: Homegrown.
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